What is normally present on fruits and vegetables that can cause decay under favorable conditions?

• A. Pesticides
• B. Microorganisms
• C. Enzymes
• D. Nutrients

Answer: (B)

Decay of fruits and vegetables is driven by microorganisms that are normally present on their surface or in the surrounding environment. When conditions are favorable—enough moisture, warmth, and oxygen—these bacteria, yeasts, and molds multiply and break down the tissue, producing byproducts that lead to spoilage and off flavors. Pesticides are used to control pests and don’t cause decay; they can even inhibit some microbes. Enzymes inside the produce influence ripening and texture changes, but the actual decay under favorable conditions is primarily a microbial process. Nutrients provide what microbes feed on, but they don’t by themselves cause decay.